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Newswire – June 19, 2018

COUNTDOWN TO CER’S 25TH ANNIVERSARY SUMMIT… it may seem early, but October will be here before you know it, so make your plans now to join CER on October 25-26 in Miami for its Silver Anniversary Summit & Celebration “The Road to Innovation for ONE America.” One of the features of the gathering will be our honoring of some of the pioneers of the education reform movement who will be on hand for the event, including Tommy Thompson. As Wisconsin’s governor (from 1987-2001) Thompson was one of first high-profile champions of education reform pushing for the creation of the country’s first parental school-choice program, which provided Milwaukee families with a voucher to send children to the private or public school of their choice. He did other great things as governor, too (e.g. welfare reform), and went on to build a remarkable career of public service, including a stint as Secretary of Health and Human Services under George W. Bush, but he’ll always be tops in our book for his commitment to, and success in, achieving substantive education reform.

MEANWHILE BACK AT THE RANCH… Last Sunday night NBC News aired a charter school story that argues charters are increasingly geared to support “white flight.” If the claims weren’t so outlandish and unfounded, it would be laughable. The producer, who was incredibly open to receiving information countering these allegations, based his report on an analysis performed by the Hechinger Report. In one of the documents CER supplied, we demonstrated Hechinger’s bias against charter schools, as well as the folly of the argument. Read more…

A DOUBLE DOSE OF REALITY… This week Jeanne Allen Erica Komisar, author of “Being There: Why Prioritizing Motherhood in the First Three Years Matters.” Based on more than two decades of clinical work and breakthrough neurobiological research on caregiving, attachment and brain development, her book challenges established concepts (and myths) of infant resiliency, ‘having it all’ and even the definition of feminism. One thing this book is not about is quitting your job. “It’s not about working vs. not working – it’s really a book about more is more.” Also on Reality Check, an attorney for Mark Janus from the Liberty Justice Center shares his thoughts on the likely outcome of the high court’s pending decision.

Find the podcasts at staging.edreform.com/realitycheck and on National Review.

WHEN IT RAINS IT POURS… Just as the AFT and NEA are bracing for the ruling from SCOTUS in the Janus v. AFSCME case, teachers in New York state have filed a class-action suit claiming (correctly, we might add) that they are being illegally forced to cough up union dues even if they’re not union members. This is in response to NY’s new law, signed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo last April, mandating that all teachers pay a New York State United Teachers “agency fee” regardless of their membership status. Supporters say all teachers benefit from pay hikes and perks secured by the union and should subsidize those efforts. In a suit filed Thursday the two teachers who brought the case say (correctly, we might add) that they oppose “NYSUT’s political advocacy and collective bargaining activities” and shouldn’t have to fund them. Yep.

In Other News…

MORE THAN REASONABLE… The Reason Foundation has put out a great piece on school funding. Although titled “Five Recommendations to Solve LAUSD’s Looming Fiscal Crisis” its applicable, in parts or in whole, to school funding crises around the country and is worth the read.

SUNSHINE STATE SUCCESS… Former Florida Senate Education Chairman, John Legg, recently summed up Florida’s great, new K-12 scholarship program. “… [it] is conceptually reminiscent of the free tutoring programs developed by bipartisan education advocates under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. This scholarship is driven by the educational principle that children must learn to read so they can then read to learn.”  Notably the program doesn’t try to simply thread more money into district elementary reading budgets but instead provides a reading scholarship, which gives parents the decision on how to spend it. And why is that a better approach, Legg was asked: “The parent is the most influential person in the child’s life.”

A PROGRESSIVE POINT OF VIEW… Also of note this week, a passionate op-ed on educational opportunity for all, titled “Progressive, affluent parents who send their kids to good schools shouldn’t deny others that right.” An excerpt: “Simply put, I’m a progressive. So it troubles me deeply to hear self-styled progressives attack educational options that other parents choose for their children. Worse, these attacks on the educational choices that lower-income parents and parents of children with special needs make almost always come from progressives of higher means. We have a recommendation for that: Check your privilege. I support educational choice for all. Educational options have existed for the wealthy for as long as anyone can remember. What’s controversial is when we suggest that those same options should be open to everyone.” Amen. 

Another Look at NBC’s Big Charter Mistake

(Newswire, June 19, 2018)

MEANWHILE BACK AT THE RANCH… Last Sunday night NBC News aired a charter school story that argues charters are increasingly geared to support “white flight.” If the claims weren’t so outlandish and unfounded, it would be laughable. The producer, who was incredibly open to receiving information countering these allegations, based his report on an analysis performed by the Hechinger Report. In one of the documents CER supplied, we demonstrated Hechinger’s bias against charter schools, as well as the folly of the argument.

Indeed, Hechinger claims to have used NCES data to calculate racial balance in charter schools across the country that justify erroneous claims that increasingly charter schools do not reflect the racial balance of surrounding schools. However, as we pointed out, no researcher can make such statements based on NCES data. One needs at least 4 data points (see link for explanation: https://staging.edreform.com/nbc-charters/) and further review, analysis and study, to make any legitimate comparisons.

In the case of the school they use as their prime example, George’s Lake Onocee Academy, originally boundaries were drawn around the school based on a development that was responsible for its existence. The other public schools in the district were failing, and developers wanted to offer a better school to the community. The district was opposed to the creation of the school. And while the boundary no longer exists around that school, local leaders have still fanned the flames of bigotry that Hechinger seized to market the sizzling story to its media partner NBC.

The Hechinger Report journalist then called numerous other states and asked about racial composition of their schools. One might ask why they’d have to call states if they thought they had irrefutable data. We don’t fault NBC for viewing Hechinger’s work as legitimate or being misled by their data. The thousands of policies, laws and data points that apply to charter school everywhere are complex and require a trained eye and understanding. However, if one is disposed against charters as Hechinger is because they give parents freedom to make choices rather mandate assignment based on artificial factors, then one will make any conclusion that justified their narrative.

Such is the case in this piece which some charter advocates argue is balanced. Regardless of what is said tomorrow night, there is no balance in any piece which starts with the premise that the very reform that created opportunities for millions of children who were failed by the traditional system, and which serve a higher percentage of at risk and minority children, is creating racial imbalance. Indeed, if mandatory assignment by zip code and busing were the answer, we would not have failed students for 3 generations.

All children deserve the education they need to become exceptional adults. The freedom to make that choice is fundamental, as charter schools have shown consistently since 1992. We hope NBC and other news media will find ways to help the public understand that fact, as well as the enormous need that still exists to bring innovation and opportunity to millions more students trapped in failing schools that Hechinger and its friends in the teachers unions irresponsibility seem determined to defend at all costs, including misuse of data.

Newswire – June 12, 2018

MASS MILESTONE. Recalling amazing milestones in educational change (something that all too many today think is too hard to pursue) the Pioneer Institute reminds of the 25th anniversary of the landmark 1993 Massachusetts Education Reform Act (MERA), the act which ushered in standards, testing and charter schools. “People should remember Governor Weld’s extraordinary K-12 education leadership,” writes Jamie Gass, director of Pioneer’s Center for School Reform.

“…in MERA’s early years, state educrats repeatedly tried revolt-of-the-clerks tactics to subvert the law’s intent. When these flaky functionaries promulgated draft English standards that included Ebonics, Weld and legislative leaders responded by radically overhauling the state education governance structure to hold the bureaucrats accountable.”

“[Weld] appointed his former gubernatorial rival and firebrand Boston University President, John Silber, to chair the state Board of Education. Just as Weld had planned, Silber fed misbehaving state educrats bucketsful of cod liver oil. It was Weld’s tough-minded board appointees who redirected the policy conversations on standards, testing, accountability, and charter schools. (Happy Silver Anniversary, MERA. It was CER’s first year in business and we remember the work well!)

EDTECH IS THE MEANS, NOT THE END. An accomplished edtechie takes the case to Forbes.com this week in “EdTech Should Be Only A Means, Not An End, For Your Local Schools” –about EdTech and what it means, or should, and the danger of it becoming a fad defined more by owning the latest in hardware bells and software whistles, and less by its true value. Adam Geller, Founder & CEO of Edthena sums it all up nicely with this simple question: “Why is the conversation about the classroom technology we want to possess instead of about the student learning we hope to see?” And answered with this equally simple statement: “The goal for students isn’t technology-centered learning. It is problem-centered learning using various types of high-tech and low-tech tools.”

Agreeing agreeably even if we don’t always agree. The New York Times kicked up some dust last week when it ran a piece titled “Charter Schools Have a Betsy DeVos Problem,” (see last week’s Newswire for our take on the matter). But you don’t have to be a DeVos or Trump supporter to see the danger in that argument. To wit, Minnesota’s Joe Nathan – a self-described Paul Wellstone-Hubert Humphrey liberal and student community organizer Saul Alinsky – who while noting his disagreement with the EdSec on many issues, pointed out the value of left-right coalitions in winning approval of important ideas (Joe was a leading force in crafting nation’s first public charter school law in Minnesota). “Isn’t one of the longtime lessons of America that broad coalitions can help produce progress, though coalition members disagree on many things?” Joe concluded, and to which we say “Bravo!” That’s what happens when you put kids first, and adult egos away. Thank you, Joe, for reminding us and the Times that we can agree to disagree on some things and still be united on education opportunity. That’s why Joe Nathan is one of CER’s 25th Anniversary Silver Honorees for his commitment always putting principle ahead of politics.

NEVADA PRIMARY NOTES.  Educational choice is at the heart of the Nevada gubernatorial primary. Democrats Steve Sisolak, who served on the state Board of Regents, and Chris Giunchigliani, a special education teacher for more than 30 years, are vying for their party’s nomination for governor to replace Gov. Brian Sandoval, while Republicans will choose between (among others) Attorney General Adam Laxalt, and State Treasurer Dan Schwartz.

Schwartz has vowed to “not sign a single bill until he has a parental choice [funding] bill on his desk,” while Sisolak has said he’d donate his salary to charity until the schools are “turned around.” Laxalt, whose father was Senator Paul Laxalt and a respected leader by both parties in the 80s, is far ahead in the race. His edreform pedigree is that he successfully defended the constitutionality of the state’s school choice program and Schwartz wrote the regulations for it. (Laxalt’s campaign is actually using the Dems’ education experience against them pointing out that “…both tout themselves as education champions based on their long political careers and involvement in education, while at the same time complaining about how broken our education system — the one they’ve been overseeing for decades — remains today.” Point taken.). Serving as a backdrop for all of this on the Democratic side, is the discord between the statewide teachers union and the Clark County affiliate which has extended to its gubernatorial endorsements. Although Giunchigliani served as the president of both the Clark County Education Association (1983–87) and the Nevada State Education Association (1987–91), she only secured the endorsement of the latter, with the local union endorsing Sisolak instead and going on the attack against one of their own.

One question for Nevada voters, as posed by the 74, is not whether Sandoval’s successor will continue to prioritize education, but how and by how much.

Our question however, is a bit more pointed.

Which candidate will be the leader in ensuring that personalized, educational opportunities are not only protected and advanced but multiplied? Only time will tell. But one thing is certain – Nevada’s rapidly rising enrollment and too few great educational opportunities threaten its economic health and the welfare of countless families.

They don’t call it “Real Clear Policy” for nothin’. Friend, colleague, fellow edreform pioneer (and honorary co-chair of CER’s Silver Anniversary Summit) Gov. Jeb Bush, and Steve Klinsky, Founder and CEO of Modern States Education Alliance, offer a compelling plan that would lower the cost of tuition (by up to 25 percent) and create an immediate “on ramp” to college for students. Read more…

BREAKING.  CER announced last week its illustrious first Co-Chairs of the October 25-16th Silver Anniversary Summit & Celebration, “Opportunity, Innovation & the Road to ONE America,” taking place Miami, FL. Check it out! The event co-chairs will lead the summit in developing strategies that fuse together collective efforts in education reform and innovation across every juncture. The summit will be a unique chance to mix and mingle with the leading lights of modern education reform, and most importantly, to learn about how to advance opportunity and innovation in the 21st century.

You can always use a Reality Check. This week Jeanne talks with Carol D’Amico Executive Vice President of Mission Advancement and Philanthropy with Strada Education Network (SEN). Carol’s background as a nationally recognized expert in designing and leading strategies related to higher education, workforce development and business-led involvement with education reform has led her to her unique position at SEN where, since 2013, she has played a leading role in developing national and state-based philanthropic initiatives involving the higher education, business and workforce development sectors. Listen online at staging.edreform.com/realitycheck.

The AFT: coming to a town near you. One might call her an “uninvited co-conspirator” but that would be mean. Still, what else can you say about AFT president Randi Weingarten who last week inserted herself into Rhode Island politics by travelling to Providence to lobby for a $250 bond issue and to buddy up with the Providence Teachers Union which is stewing over stalled contract negotiations – which we’re sure Randi’s will help resolve given her calming presence wherever she goes.

Don’t forget! Meet us in Miami Oct. 25-26 for our Silver Anniversary Summit + Celebration. More info at staging.edreform.com.

Friends, Allies & faithful Newswire Readers: We’ve moved! Our new address is:

1455 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 250, Washington, DC 20004

Founded in 1993, the Center for Education Reform aims to expand educational opportunities that lead to improved economic outcomes for all Americans — particularly our youth — ensuring that conditions are ripe for innovation, freedom and flexibility throughout U.S. education.

Real Clear Policy

(Newswire, June 12, 2018) They don’t call it “Real Clear Policy” for nothin’. Friend, colleague, fellow edreform pioneer (and honorary co-chair of CER’s Silver Anniversary Summit) Gov. Jeb Bush, and Steve Klinsky, Founder and CEO of Modern States Education Alliance, offer a compelling plan that would lower the cost of tuition (by up to 25 percent) and create an immediate “on ramp” to college for students. Called “Freshman Year for Free,” it’s a program that provides more than 30 top quality online college courses to anyone for free and can lead to a full year of real academic credit at more than 2,900 traditional colleges and universities, from Purdue to the University of Wisconsin to Morehouse. It’s great!

The only cost associated with the program is the $85 fee charged for the College Board’s College Level Examination Program (CLEP). And here’s the truly brilliant part of the Bush-Klinsky proposal:  that states make the program completely free by picking up the $85 fee. Why?  We’ll let them explain: “For $85 per CLEP exam, far less than the cost of tuition for college credits, governors across the country can enable students to take a CLEP test for free and earn college credit. The fee for the exam is small compared to the $1,782 cost of a typical course at a public university and can provide a path to higher education for thousands of students who face the choice between not going to college or taking on massive debt.” Read the whole piece here and then forward it to your state representatives, senators, and your governor.

Announcing CER’s Silver Anniversary Co-Chairs

 

(Washington, DC – June 8, 2018) — The Center for Education Reform is pleased to announce the new co-chairs of its 25th Anniversary, CER’s Silver Anniversary Summit & Celebration, Opportunity, Innovation & the Road to ONE America,taking place on Thursday and Friday October 25th-26th, 2018 at the Mandarin Oriental in Miami, FL.

Joining Governor Jeb Bush as Honorary Co-Chair of the Summit and Celebration are:

Michael Moe, founder of GSV, a modern merchant bank that invests, advises, and partners with the fastest growing, most dynamic companies in the world. He serves as the CEO of GSV Asset Management and the Executive Chairman of GSV Capital Corp.

 

Kevin P. Chavous, one of the nation’s leading voices for educational choice. Chavous is the President of academics, policy and schools for K-12 Inc., a technology-based education company and the nation’s leading provider of proprietary curriculum and online school programs for students in pre-K through high school.

Chris Whittle, Chairman and CEO of Whittle School & Studios, and an entrepreneur with four decades of leadership experience in the fields of education and media. He conceived of and founded Edison Schools in 1992 with Benno Schmidt. Edison was instrumental in establishing the charter-school movement and has served 450,000 students on three continents.

 

The event Co-Chairs will lead the Summit in developing strategies that fuse together collective efforts in education reform and innovation across every juncture.

Said CER Founder & CEO Jeanne Allen, “One gets to take a pause at 25 years only once in a lifetime, and this quarter century milestone must unite us all in transformational education innovation, across one America, for learners at all levels.

“Having my colleagues Michael, Kevin and Chris spearhead this forward-moving effort, with Governor Bush’s engagement, is remarkable!”

A few limited opportunities to co-chair the event and for sponsorships are still available. Please contact CER to inquire.

Founded in 1993, the Center for Education Reform aims to expand educational opportunities that lead to improved economic outcomes for all Americans — particularly our youth — ensuring that conditions are ripe for innovation, freedom and flexibility throughout U.S. education.

For press inquiries regarding the event(s), please contact Mary Riner at mary@staging.edreform.com, or call (202) 750-0016.

For Sponsorship Opportunities: To get your name in lights and participate write events@staging.edreform.com or dial (202) 750-0016.

For Summit Registration and Gala Tickets: Click here

Newswire – June 5, 2018

POLITICS AS UNUSUAL.“A subterranean divide among Democrats between backers of teachers unions and those of charter schools and other education innovations is helping shape key gubernatorial primaries…” so reports the AP. Charter schools and edreform have long been backburner issues in political campaigns, but in some places a tipping point has been reached.  In Colorado, for example, tension has been building over education for months; activists tried to forbid the group Democrats for Education Reform, which backs candidates who support innovations like charter schools and evaluations, from using the party’s name in its title. Some of this strife is being driven the teachers unions. Read more here.

PERSONALITY POLITICS. The NY Times posits that because EdSec Betsy DeVos is allegedly such a polarizing figure her support for charter schools actually does more harm to the charter movement than good. “One survey of views on charter schools found… …the president and his education secretary are so disliked by liberals that some will automatically reject whatever they endorse.”  While that isn’t surprising, it is unfortunate and has spawned a narrative of negativity that is doing a terrible disservice to charters specifically and ed opportunities and innovations generally.

NEW YORK POLITICS. NY Post editorial lays it on the line for Schools Chancellor Richard Carranza. If he truly wants to mend fences with the city’s high-performing charter schools and their leaders, he can start by granting long-languishing space requests and also end an injustice that NY1 exposed this week: discrimination by the Committee on Special Education against kids who attend Success Academy (it’s been slow-walking requests for Success Academy students, and even unfairly denying services). Continued…

SOMEBODY’S GOTTA STAND UP. Last week The Las Vegas Review-Journal ran a piece about how Nevada’s Clark County School District had created a new marketing position to sell the district’s schools to parents and slow the exodus of student to charter schools. We responded with a letter to the editor, which reads in part “The [district’s] goal should not be ‘How do we convince families not to leave?’ It should be ‘How do we provide learning experiences and results that make them want to stay?’ Read the letter in its entirety here.

AND WHILE WE WE’RE AT IT. How do we say this politely….?  We’ve just about had it Valerie Strauss’ attempts at journalism, and with the people she quotes and whose opinions she offers up as “proof” that public education is under attack by dark forces who want to “privatize” schools.  So we fired off a letter to The Washington Post too.

CONFIRMATION. One of the comments you often hear from parents who choose to send their children to charter, or private schools is the simple desire to ensure their kids are safe – which, sadly, is often not the case in the schools that many children attend. But are those desires met? According to an analysis of the second-year results of the federal evaluation of the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program (the federally funded scholarship program that allows low-income families in D.C. to use public education dollars to cover private-school tuition for their kids) by The Hillthe answer is a resounding yes! Get the facts.

GOOD NEWS? Later this month the Baltimore School Board will consider applications for six new charter schools. Unfortunately, the same school board has consistently cut its budget for the city’s existing 34 charter schools (which serve about 20 percent of Charm City’s 80,600 public school students). Adding insult to injury, there’s a new funding formula that has charter schools paying the district millions of dollars for services previously covered by the school system. Nicole Harris-Crest, ED of the Maryland Alliance of Public Charter Schools, said the cuts and new rules made for a pretty tough environment for starting a charter school. “But,” she added, “it adds additional people to the movement to fight for equitable funding.” It’s time the state legislature or the courts step in to make to make the playing field more level for charters and traditional public schools alike.

ON CHEERIER NOTES. Check out these two stories on charter schools.  First the CBS Morning News on Basis Independent Silicon Valley, which has captured the top five spots on U.S. News and World Report’s list of the best high schools and where students are required to take at least seven AP courses, beginning as early as eighth grade (and some take as many as 20). And do yourself a favor by reading A change of schools changed everything” by valedictorian of the 2018 graduating class of PACE Career Academy in Allenstown, NH. It’s a great personal testament to all the things that are the foundation of innovations and opportunities that are charter schools.

TIME FOR A REALITY CHECK. In a lifetime of amassing experiences and diverse avenues of success, Bill Walton, founder and chairman of the private equity firm Rappahannock Ventures, has been driven by one defining theme, “I’ve always been interested in the barriers to change.” A lifelong learner, Bill is an entrepreneur, education reformer, supporter of the arts, and is a feature film and documentary producer. Bill and his wife Sarah developed an entire French and Spanish language curriculum, Language Odyssey. Since then, he has been passionate in the belief that, “A free market in education rather than government-run schools is the ideal system for every child to flourish in.” Listen online at https://staging.edreform.com/realitycheck/.

TICK-TOCK. The clock’s winding down, and decisions are being handed down, as the end of this session of the Supreme Court draws to a close. Before it’s all over there’ll be a decision on Janus v. AFSCME which, if it goes as anticipated (in favor of Janus) will have a huge impact on the power of the teacher’s union. For all the latest news, and up-to-the-minute comment, visit staging.edreform.com or go to https://standwithworkers.org/.

Don’t forget! Meet us in Miami Oct. 25-26 for our Silver Anniversary Summit + Celebration. More info at staging.edreform.com.

Founded in 1993, the Center for Education Reform aims to expand educational opportunities that lead to improved economic outcomes for all Americans — particularly our youth — ensuring that conditions are ripe for innovation, freedom and flexibility throughout U.S. education.

Tick, Tock – The Clock Winds Down on Janus v. AFSCME Decision

(Newswire, June 5, 2018) The clock’s winding down, and decisions are being handed down, as the end of this session of the Supreme Court draws to a close. Before it’s all over there’ll be a decision on Janus v. AFSCME which, if it goes as anticipated (in favor of Janus) will have a huge impact on the power of the teacher’s union. For all the latest news, and up-to-the-minute comment, visit staging.edreform.com.

On Cheerier Notes: Charter School Successes & One Student’s Life-Changing Choice

(Newswire, June 5, 2018)  Check out these two stories on charter schools.  First the CBS Morning News on Basis Independent Silicon Valley, which has captured the top five spots on U.S. News and World Report’s list of the best high schools and where students are required to take at least seven AP courses, beginning as early as eighth grade (and some take as many as 20). Fantastic opportunities yielding fantastic results!  Then, do yourself a favor and go read A change of schools changed everything” by valedictorian of the 2018 graduating class of PACE Career Academy in Allenstown, NH. It’s a great personal testament to all the things that are the foundation of innovations and opportunities that are charter schools.  Some excerpts: “…when I there last year as a junior I was introduced to an entirely new type of education. The staff was more helpful than I could have expected, and the environment…was welcoming. We act and are treated as individuals, as opposed to just a part of a group.”

Good News? Baltimore School Board to Consider More Charter Apps, Cuts Charter Funding…

(Newswire, June 5, 2018)  Later this month the Baltimore School Board will consider applications for six new charter schools. This would normally be reason to cheer, except for the fact that the same school board has cut its budget for the city’s existing 34 charter schools (which serve about 20 percent of Charm City’s 80,600 public school students). And, adding insult to injury, there’s a new funding formula that has charter schools paying the district millions of dollars for services previously covered by the school system.  In a laudable demonstration of calm reserve Nicole Harris-Crest, ED of the Maryland Alliance of Public Charter Schools, said the cuts and new rules made for a pretty tough environment for starting a charter school.  “But,” she added, “it adds additional people to the movement to fight for equitable funding.” It’s time the state legislature or the courts step in to make to make that happen. (The district is still fighting a 2015 lawsuit filed by a group of charter school operators who allege the district has failed to meet contractual obligations to charters and has not been transparent or consistent in the way it allocates funding to those schools.)

Confirmation: The D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program Keeps Kids Safe

(Newswire, June 5, 2018) One of the comments you often hear from parents who choose to send their children to charter, or private schools is the simple desire to ensure their kids are safe – which, sadly, is often not the case in the schools that many children attend. But are those desires met?  According to The Hill the answer is a resounding yes! An analysis was conducted of the second-year results of the federal evaluation of the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program (the federally funded scholarship program that allows low-income families in D.C. to use public education dollars to cover private-school tuition for their kids).

Scholarship students who attended a private school were over 35 percent more likely to report that their schools were very safe. And parents of the students were about 36 percent more likely to report that their children were in very safe schools. It’s not a surprise but it is happy confirmation of what most edreform supporters have long suspected (or known in our hearts).